The Bushman kinship system reflects their interdependence as traditionally small mobile foraging bands. The kinship system is also comparable to the Eskimo kinship system, with the same set of terms as in Western countries, but also employing a name rule and an age rule. The age rule resolves any confusion arising from kinship terms, as the older of two people always decides what to call the younger. Relatively few names circulate (approximately only 35 names per gender), and each child is named after a grandparent or another relative.
Children have no social duties besides playing, and leisure is very important to Bushmen of all ages. Large amounts of time are spent in conversation, joking, music, and sacred dances. Women have a high status in the San society, are greatly respected, and may be leaders of their own family groups. They make important family and group decisions and claim ownership of water holes and foraging areas. Women are mainly involved in the gathering of food, but may also take part in hunting.
The most important thing in the lives of the San people is water. Droughts can last for many months and waterholes may dry up. When this happens, they use sip wells. To get water this way, a San will scrape a deep hole where the sand is damp. Into this hole will be put a long hollow grass stem. An empty ostrich egg is used to collect the water. Water is sucked into the straw from the sand, into the mouth, and then travels down another straw into the ostrich egg.
Because of their low-fat diet, women typically have late first menstruations and do not begin bearing children until about 18 or 19 years of age. Births are generally spaced four years apart due to lack of breast milk and requirements of mobility that make feeding and carrying more than one child at a time difficult.
Traditionally, the San were an egalitarian society. Although they did have hereditary chiefs, the chiefs’ authority was limited. The bushmen instead made decisions among themselves by consensus,with women treated as relatively equal.In addition, the San economy was a gift economy, based on giving each other gifts on a regular basis rather than on trading or purchasing goods and services.
Posted by RURO photography on 2010-11-13 11:27:47
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