- Guha et al. (2007)
– Study: Pooled analysis of nine case-control studies.
– Findings: Slight increase in the risk of head and neck cancers, particularly among users of high-alcohol-content mouthwash .
- McCullough & Farah (2008)
– Study: Literature review on alcohol-containing mouthwashes.
– Findings: Potential link between frequent use of alcohol-containing mouthwash and an increased risk of oral cancer. However, evidence was not conclusive, indicating the need for further research .
- Lacruz et al. (2018)
– Study: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
– Findings: Weak but statistically significant association between frequent mouthwash use (more than twice a day) and oral cancer risk .
- Gandini et al. (2012)
– Study: Meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.
– Findings: Insufficient evidence to establish a clear link between mouthwash use and cancer risk. However, the possibility of a risk could not be entirely ruled out.